Who invented nail polish wiki

This prosthesis consists of a false nail attached to a silicone finger glove molded to the specifications of the corresponding finger of the opposite hand. Nail cosmetics are generally not recommended for use in children. This is not advisable, as there is always a possibility to develop adverse reactions. Nail technicians are at a risk of occupational hazards due to constant exposure to chemicals used for various nail cosmetic procedures. Increasing number of technicians are sensitized to acrylate monomers used on sculpted nails.

Some are at risk for developing occupational asthma due to the cyanoacrylates used. Nail polish remover pads were reported to have caused bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum, and respiratory obstruction in a month-old child who accidently sucked on them.

Fortunately, with medical treatment, the child recovered completely. Although nail cosmetics are advantageous for "beautifying" or concealing various nail disorders, adverse effects are a definite possibility. As dermatologists, a complete knowledge of various nail products, nail-enhancement procedures, and anticipated complications and their management can result in better patient care.

Translate this page into: English. Buy Reprints PDF. Department of Dermatology, P. Nail cosmetics. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol ; Abstract The nail as an anatomic structure protects the terminal phalanx of the digit from injury.

Historically, it has served as a tool for protection and for survival. As civilizations developed, it attained the additional function of adornment. Adverse events may occur either during the nail-grooming procedure or as a reaction to the individual components of the nail cosmetics. This holds true for both the client and the nail technician.

Typically, any of the procedures involves several steps and a series of products. Separate "nail-bars" have been set up dedicated to serve women and men interested in nail beautification. Keywords: Acrylic nail, gel nail, manicure, nail polish, sculptured nail. Introduction The earliest use of nail coloring dates back to ancient Egypt and China.

What is An Attractive Nail? A nail is generally considered aesthetically pleasing if it has: A smooth glossy surface. No overhanging or ragged cuticle. A tip extending beyond the nail. An oval contour to the nail plate.

A gentle curve when visualized from the side. Translucency so that the pink nail bed is clearly visualized. The beauty of the nail can be further enhanced using various shades and colors of nail polish.

A foot scraper or a pumice stone is used to buff away any rough skin or thick callus. A cuticle softener alkaline substances like 0. They dissolve the di-sulfide keratin bridges. The cuticle is pushed back with a specially designed metallic or wooden stick, and then trimmed off with a cuticle cutter. The surface of the nail is buffed with an emery board to smoothen any ridges. The cream is cleaned off from the nail plate. Now, the nails are considered suitable for nail polish application.

The ideal nail polish application procedure includes three layers: Base coat: This is the first layer to be applied. It is transparent with a strong adhering capability due to higher resin content. It protects the nail plate from staining. Nail polish: A plethora of colors are available, with or without a metallic finish.

The expertise of the nail technician provides various styles of nail polish application, of which the "French nail manicure" is very popular. Top coat: This transparent layer contains more of nitrocellulose and less resin, so as to protect the varnish from chipping.

Strengthening weak brittle nails. Camouflaging surface irregularities or discolorations. It can provide a youthful appearance to aged ridged nails. Resins e. Plasticizers e. Solvents butyl stearate and acetate compounds for keeping the polish in fluid state and to help in quick-drying once applied.

Thixotropic agents e. Natural agents guanine, bismuth, oxychloride, and micatitanium for the color and shine of the nail polish. Nail Hardeners These are applied as a base coat for the purpose of strengthening the nail plate. The following varieties are available: Acetone - the most commonly available. It has been reported to cause an irritant dermatitis.

Acetone-free nail polish removers containing ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, or ethyl lactate. Nail polish remover pads containing gammabutyrolactone, which are safe and convenient to use. Rarely they get converted to GHB gamma-hydroxybutyrate resulting in systemic toxicity. French Nail Manicure This method is used to provide a "natural" appearance to the nail. Figure 2: French Manicure - It stems from the idea of a healthy nail where the free edge of the nail is bright white and the proximal nail has a pink hue Nail Adornment The cosmetic appeal of nail polish can be enhanced with the application of ready-use plastic or metal artifacts immediately before the polish dries.

The design pieces are skillfully lifted from a template with forceps and placed on the freshly applied wet nail polish, in a planned pattern [Figure - 3] a and b. Figure 3: a and b Nail adornment This is then covered by a top coat, which prevents it from getting dislodged. Nail design can also be made, allowing the first layer of color polish to dry completely and subsequently painting a second contrasting color on top of the first, with a design template.

Artificial Nails Artificial nails evolved from the need for lengthening or reinforcing soft, brittle, or damaged nails. Nail Tips Ready-to-use plastic plates, shaped like nail tips are available at nail salons.

Figure 4: a and b Nail art - Decorative art along with sparkles add to the final effect of the nail Sculptured Nails These are either acrylic or gel based and are sculpted over the existing un-aesthetic nail.

Acrylic nails A few drops of ethyl methacrylate mixed with powdered poly-methacrylate results in a polymerized mixture that needs to be applied quickly due to the instant setting potential.

Gel nails The powder and the liquid phase of gels is akin to dental resin and requires specific UV-light exposure to set and cure harden the gel after application on the nail. Figure 5: Gel nails - These look similar to acrylic nails but are stronger and appear more glossy Figure 6: Development of a clear area at the proximal nail fold as the nail grows out. Note also the onycholysis in the little finger Adverse Effects These can be broadly categorized as those due to the chemical components or complications during or subsequent to the nail-grooming procedure.

Table 1: List of reported adverse reactions to individual constituents of nail cosmetics. Nail polish. Nail diseases related to nail cosmetics.

Dermatol Clin ; Onycholysis induced by nail hardener. Contact Dermatitis ; Contact dermatitis from nitrocellulose in a nail varnish. Formaldehyde-releasers: Relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy: Metalworking fluids and remainder. Part 1. Moossavi M, Scher RK. Nail care products.

Clin Dermatol ; Brauer EW. Onycholysis secondary to toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resin used in a nail hardener mimicking onychomycosis. Cutis ; An outbreak of contact dermatitis from toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde resin in a nail hardener. Arjun Rampal was calm and so cool in the film. Samreen Kaur in her less screen timing was so beautiful.

Only negative point was the judge's annoying wife. Requesting everyone to watch this now else it will be added to the underrated list after some days. Available on Zee5. MandalBros-5 Jan 2, Details Edit. Release date January 1, India. Technical specs Edit.

Runtime 2 hours 8 minutes. Related news. Jan 8 GlamSham. Jan 5 Bollyspice. Contribute to this page Suggest an edit or add missing content. Top Gap. What is the Spanish language plot outline for Nail Polish ? See more gaps Learn more about contributing. Edit page. Hollywood Icons, Then and Now. Some people consider only handmade polishes to be indie, but others allow manufactured polishes to fall under the "indie" umbrella too.

Beauty Lifestyle Wiki Explore. Explore Wikis Community Central. Register Don't have an account? Nail Polish. Edit source History Talk 0. Categories Nails Add category.