Why gangs originated

Meaning "cease to exist" is from c. Meaning "to be known" with by is from s; that of "pass into another condition or state" is from s. From c. Meaning "say" emerged s in teen slang. Colloquial meaning "urinate or defecate" attested by , euphemistic compare Old English gong "a privy," literally "a going".

To go back on "prove faithless to" is from ; to go under in the figurative sense "to fail" is from To go places "be successful" is by Nautical use dates from s in reference to a passage on the ship, from of the opening at the side whereby people enter and leave, and by s of the board or bridge they use to get to and from the dock. Yet such masculinity is held in higher esteem in areas of major gang activity than elsewhere. Something else to consider is bio-social adaptation to environmental stress which begins even before a child is born.

Its mother is IN an environment and IS an environment. Hyper stress or drug use by a mother can lead to an overdevelopment in the developing child of its dopamine system and an underdevelopment of its serotonin system.

It raises levels of impulsive action, aggression and desire for reward. Gaining the goal is experienced as pleasure. The serotonin does the opposite — it cools you down, regulates emotion and behaviour, and inhibits aggression. The effect of this altered balance kicks in, particularly, during puberty.

There is also a problem of early emotional attachment. Resilient youths seldom offend or resort to violence. Emotional resilience comes from loving attachments and safe surroundings. Children growing up where that is absent have trouble making sustaining emotional connections. They have problems with their own feelings and the feelings of others. They carry feelings of shame and anger which they generally hide with bravado and, often, violence.

They are drawn to others like themselves without empathy, sympathy and caring. These kids often turn to violence and aggression because they know these are a reliable method for reasserting their existence. Aggression gets them what they want.

In around pupils sat down to write their final matric exams. That was about half of the number who had started school 12 years earlier. That means nearly a million young people failed to achieve the first rung of almost any career. One third of young people in the Western Cape under 25 are not in education, employment or training.

Most of them are on the streets with nothing much to do. These kids are essentially being socialized into failure. Cape Town is awash with drugs, from cocaine and heroin to chrystal meths and nyope, a low-grade heroin cut with anything from rat poison to chlorine. Their clandestine, illicit, syndicate-driven use is destroying families, causing epigenetic problems in mothers, fatherlessness, raising levels of violence through turf wars, wasting police time chasing dealers and users, clogging courts and overfilling prisons.

The only sensible solution seems to be to follow the Portuguese example: decriminalize and institute systems of harm reduction. The answer to the question is: of course there are. But we need to first ask what we mean by solving the gang problem? Most members of gangs are young people — particularly young men who are seeking an identity; who have with little money yet need stuff in high-density urban areas; and who have time on their hands and plenty of adolescent edginess and energy.

The real question is not so much about gangs, but what can we do to help young people live meaningful, resilient lives in environments that favour development of gangs, crime and violence? It is pertinent to ask: Which young people? All adolescents have the tendency to push the boundaries. Upper-division undergraduates and above. Instead of painting with a broad brush, Howell provides a systematic analysis that uniquely and thoroughly traces gang development specific to each region of the United States, noting similarities and differences among the gang developments in those regions.

Readers will come away with a much deeper appreciation for the ever-increasing complexity of "the gang problem" and a greater understanding of its history in the United States.

History reads like an apprenticeship from a wise master. For this reason, History is a credible addition to an ever-expanding library of gang research. It should be read by all those who seek to understand the emergence and growth of gangs in the United States. The book presents a nice synthesis of what has become a voluminous literature detailing the American gang situation. Louis This book covers the waterfront on American street gangs, past and present, including some of the new developments and issues that have plagued law enforcement and other government agencies.

This book tackles historical, anthropological, sociological, psychological, and criminological analyses on gangs from just about every corner of the world. The gangs also are involved in other criminal activity including assault, auto theft, burglary, carjacking, drive-by shooting, extortion, homicide, identification fraud, and robbery. Crips is a collection of structured and unstructured gangs that have adopted a common gang culture. Crips membership is estimated to be 30, to 35,; most members are African American males from the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

Crips gangs operate in cities in 41 states. The main source of income for Crips gangs is the street-level distribution of powder cocaine, crack cocaine, marijuana, and PCP. The gangs also are involved in other criminal activity such as assault, auto theft, burglary, and homicide.

Florencia 13 F 13 or FX 13 originated in Los Angeles in the early s; gang membership is estimated to be more than 3, A primary source of income for gang members is the trafficking of cocaine and methamphetamine.

Gang members smuggle multikilogram quantities of powder cocaine and methamphetamine obtained from sources of supply in Mexico into the United States for distribution. Also, gang members produce large quantities of methamphetamine in southern California for local distribution. Florencia members are involved in other criminal activities including assault, drive-by shooting, and homicide.

Fresno Bulldogs Bulldogs is a street gang that originated in Fresno, California, in the late s. It is the largest Hispanic gang operating in central California, with membership estimated at 5, to 6, However, gang members associate with Nuestra Familia NF members, particularly when trafficking drugs. The street-level distribution of methamphetamine, marijuana, and heroin is a primary source of income for gang members. In addition, members are involved in other types of criminal activity including assault, burglary, homicide, and robbery.

The Gangster Disciples street gang was formed in Chicago, Illinois, in the mids. It is structured like a corporation and is led by a chairman of the board. Gang membership is estimated to be 25, to 50,; most members are African American males from the Chicago metropolitan area.

The gang is active in cities in 33 states. Its main source of income is the retail-level distribution of cocaine, marijuana, and heroin. The gang also is involved in other criminal activity including assault, auto theft, fraud, homicide, and money laundering. The gang is composed of at least 10 structured and unstructured factions with an estimated 1, to 2, members and associate members active in at least six states.

Most members are Puerto Rican males. The street-level distribution of powder cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and PCP is a primary source of income for the gang. Members also are involved in other criminal activity including assault, auto theft, carjacking, drive-by shooting, home invasion, homicide, money laundering, and weapons trafficking.

The Chicago-based Almighty Latin King Nation, commonly referred to as Latin Kings, is a collection of over structured gangs, referred to as chapters, operating in cities in 34 states. The gang's current membership is estimated to be 20, to 35, Most members are Mexican American or Puerto Rican males.

Latin Kings' main source of income is street-level distribution of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana. Members also engage in other criminal activity such as assault, burglary, homicide, identity theft, and money laundering. Traditionally, the gang consisted of loosely affiliated groups known as cliques; however, law enforcement officials have reported the coordination of criminal activity among Mara Salvatrucha cliques in the Atlanta, Dallas, Los Angeles, New York, and Washington, D.

The gang is estimated to have 30, to 50, members and associate members worldwide, 8, to 10, of whom are active in at least 38 states. According to recent law enforcement reporting, MS 13 is active in suburban areas outside Naples, Florida. Members smuggle illicit drugs, primarily powder cocaine and marijuana, into the United States and transport and distribute the drugs throughout the country.

Some members also are involved in alien smuggling, assault, drive-by shooting, homicide, identification theft, prostitution operations, robbery, and weapons trafficking.